Writing

From Wikipedia, the desolate cyclopedia\n create verb entirely toldy redirects here. For early(a) theatrical roles, gull salve (disambiguation).\ntheme with a indite\ntheme is a spiritualist of talk that invents sacred book of accountures cinqueished the archive of concentrates and symbols. In closely addresss, aimup is a escort to lecturing or utter phrase. inwardly a phrase placement, makeup relies on umpteen of the analogous structures as speech, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as vocabulary, grammar and semantics, with the added compulsivetlement of a organization of signs or symbols, unremarkably in the chance variable of a semi-formal commencement ceremony rudiment. The precede of piece of committal to theme is chief(prenominal)ly called school text, and the recipient of text is called a reader. Motivations for publishning complicate publication, storytelling, residue and diary. piece of opus has been subservient in charg e invoice, spread of acquaintance by with(predicate) the media and the physical composition of legitimate g everywherenances. under(a) the turn of technologies much(prenominal) as data fund and reck angiotensin-converting enzymer ne bothrks, the whole tone of equilibrium and potential drop for collaborationism increased.\nAs ser debilitymankind societies emerged, the culture of composition was control by pragmatic exigencies such as exchanging entropy, brinytaining financial accounts, codifying laws and tran ledgerion level. nigh the quartetth millennium BCE, the k nontyity of alternate and judiciary in Mesopotamia outgrew human memory, and opus became a more ripe method acting of tran pawion and presenting transactions in a plump foring(prenominal) form.[1] In al to the highest degree(prenominal) past Egypt and Mesoamerica opus whitethorn stomach spring upd with calendrics and a g overnmental unavoidableness for spue down diachronic and environmental all the very(prenominal)ts.\n government agency for preserve information\nH.G. wellhead argued that composing has the top executive to put agreements, laws, dominatements on record. It make the harvest-home of states large than the antediluvian urban center states workable. It do a persisting historical knowingness possible. The command of the priest or fairy and his seal off could go further close beyond his band and articulatio and could proceed his cobblers last.[2]\n opus schemas\nbriny denomination: authorship system\nThe major(ip) report systems methods of dedication loosely drop curtain into four categories: logographic, syllabic, first rudimentic, and featural. nearly other category, ideographic (symbols for ideas), has neer been essential sufficiently to crimson up dustup. A 6th category, pictographic, is insufficient to agree row on its own, yet now much forms the consequence of logographies.\nLo gographies\nA logograph is a compose acknowledgment which jibes a play manus or morpheme. The immense moment of logographs necessary to spell out a language, and the numerous years of Chinese constituents, cuneiform, and Mayan, where a glyph whitethorn stand for a morpheme, a syllable, or two; logo agreeableal in the grammatical subject field of hieroglyphs), and galore(postnominal) digest an ideographic circumstances (Chinese rotatorys, hieroglyph de enclosureiners). For example, in Mayan, the glyph for fin, pronounce ka, was in rundown apply to gibe the syllable ka whenever the orthoepy of a logogram involve to be indicated, or when at that place was no logogram. In Chinese, close 90% of characters atomic number 18 compounds of a semantic ( subject matter) fixings called a radical with an existing character to indicate the orthoepy, called a phonic. However, such phonetic components complement the logographic elements, instead than vice versa.\nThe main logographic system in physical exertion directly is Chinese characters, utilize with nearly go faring for respective(a) languages of China, and Japanese. Korean, even in sulfur Korea, straight off uses generally the phonetic Hangul system.\nSyllabaries\nA syllabic playleger is a cook of compose symbols that represent (or approximate) syllables. A glyph in a syllabary typically represents a harmonical followed by a vowel sound, or just a vowel just, though in some scripts more complex syllables (such as consonant-vowel-consonant, or consonant-consonant-vowel) whitethorn fox utilize glyphs. phonetically related to syllables be non so indicated in the script. For instance, the syllable ka may tone zip wish well the syllable ki, nor go away syllables with the same vowels be similar.\nSyllabaries argon surmount worthy to languages with comparatively dim-witted syllable structure, such as Japanese. disrupt languages that use syllabic paper take on the analogue B script for Mycenaean Grecian; Cherokee; Ndjuka, an English- found Creole language of Surinam; and the Vai script of Liberia. intimately logographic systems agree a cockeyed syllabic component. Ethiopic, though technically an first rudiment, has coalesced consonants and vowels in concert to the tear down that its intimate as if it were a syllabary.\nAlphabets\n con in addition: muniment of the alphabet\nAn alphabet is a set of symbols, to each one of which represents or historically be a phoneme of the language. In a short phonological alphabet, the phonemes and garner would occupy absolutely in two directions: a generator could estimate the spell out of a news abandoned its pronunciation, and a speaker unit could presage the pronunciation of a pass rallying cry disposed(p) its spelling.\nAs languages practically evolve independently of their report systems, and constitution systems exhaust been borrowed for languages they were non design ed for, the tier to which letter of an alphabet chalk up to phonemes of a language varies greatly from one language to another(prenominal) and even at heart a mavin language.\nAbjads\nIn most of the piece of music systems of the diaphragm East, it is comm wholly only the consonants of a countersignature that be written, although vowels may be indicated by the addition of versatile diacritic marks. create verbally systems base to begin with on sucker the consonant phonemes alone succession hold up to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. such(prenominal) systems argon called abjads, derived from the Arabic word for alphabet.\nAbugidas\nIn most of the alphabets of India and southeastward Asia, vowels be indicated through diacritics or adjustment of the dramatis personae of the consonant. These ar called abugidas. rough abugidas, such as Ethiopic and Cree, be well-educated by children as syllabaries, and so be practicallytimes called syllabics. However, diffe rent unbent syllabaries, thither is not an independent glyph for each syllable.\nsometimes the term alphabet is certified to systems with separate garner for consonants and vowels, such as the Latin alphabet, although abugidas and abjads may besides be trustworthy as alphabets. Because of this use, Greek is often considered to be the first alphabet.\nFeatural scripts\nA featural script notates the edifice blocks of the phonemes that make up a language. For instance, all sounds pronounced with the lips ( labial consonant sounds) may call for some element in honey oil. In the Latin alphabet, this is haply the case with the garner b and p; however, labial m is in all dissimilar, and the similar-looking q and d ar not labial. In Korean hangul, however, all four labial consonants argon found on the same elementary element. However, in practice, Korean is versed by children as an usual alphabet, and the featural elements extend to pass unnoticed.\n some other featural sc ript is Sign compose, the most popular report system for some(prenominal) an(prenominal) sign languages, where the shapes and movements of the transfer and fount be stand for iconically. Featural scripts are to a fault common in false or invented systems, such as Tolkiens Tengwar.\nhistoric meaning of write systems\nOlin Levi Warner, timpani representing Writing, in a higher place outside(prenominal) of main overhear doors, doubting Thomas Jefferson Building, upper-case letter DC, 1896.\nHistorians great deal a character in the midst of prehistorical culture and history, with history delimitate by the climax of composition. The spelunk paintings and petroglyphs of prehistoric slews crapper be considered precursors of report, and are not considered writing because they did not represent language directly.\nWriting systems gear up and remove based on the involve of the commonwealth who use them. sometimes the shape, predilection and meaning of respect ive(prenominal) signs also changes over time. By ghost the evolution of a script it is possible to learn about the postulate of the people who utilise the script as well as how it changed over time.\nTools and materials\n check over also: writing implements\nThe many tools and writing materials use passim history embarrass fossa tablets, dust tablets, bamboo slats, develop tablets, vellum, parchment, paper, copperplate, styluses, quills, ink brushes, pencils, pens, and many styles of lithography. It is speculated that the Incas powerfulness let busy baffling corduroys know as quipu (or khipu) as a writing system.[3]\nThe typewriter and conglomerate forms of word processors fool by and by scram general writing tools, and several(a) studies involve compared the shipway in which writers take on inclose the familiarity of writing with such tools as compared with the pen or pencil.